Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

WTO與貿易有關的知識產權協定（I）

 

《與貿易有關的知識產權協定》(Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights縮寫 TRIPs)簡稱《知識產權協定》，是世界貿易組織管轄的一項多邊貿易協定�！杜c貿易有關的知識產權協定》有七個部分，共73條。主要條款有：一般規定和基本原則，關于知識產權的效力、范圍及使用標準，知識產權的執法，知識產權的獲得、維護及相關程序，爭端的防止和解決，過渡安排，機構安排、最后條款等。協定的主要內容是：提出和重申了保護知識產權的基本原則，確立了知識產權協定與其他知識產權國際公約的基本關系。

 

PREAMBLE

PART I  General Provisions and Basic Principles第一部分 總則和基本原則

PART II  Standards Concerning the Availability, Scope and Use of Intellectual Property Rights

第二部分 關于知識產權的效力、范圍及使用的標準

 

1.Copyright and Related Rights版權及相關權利

2.Trademarks商標

3.Geographical Indications地理標識

4.Industrial Designs工業設計

5.Patents專利

6.Layout-Designs (Topographies) of Integrated Circuits集成電路的布圖設計(拓撲圖)

7.Protection of Undisclosed Information對未披露信息的保護

8.Control of Anti-Competitive Practices in Contractual Licences

在協議性許可中限制競爭行為的控制

 

PART III  Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights第三部分 知識產權的實施

1.General Obligations一般義務

2.Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies民事和行政程序及救濟

3.Provisional Measures臨時措施

4.Special Requirements Related to Border Measures有關邊境措施的特別要求

5.Criminal Procedures刑事程序

PART IV  Acquisition and Maintenance of Intellectual Property Rights and Related Inter-Partes Procedures第四部分 知識產權的獲得和維護及當事人之間的相關程序

PART V  Dispute Prevention and Settlement第五部分爭端的防止和解決

PART VI  Transitional Arrangements第六部分 過渡安排

PART VII Institutional Arrangements; Final Provisions第七部分 機構安排：最后條款

 

Preamble

Members，各成員，

Desiring to reduce distortions and impediments to international trade，and taking into account the need to promote effective and adequate protection of intellectual property rights，and to ensure that measures and procedures to enforce intellectual property rights do not themselves become barriers to legitimate trade；

Recognizing，to this end，the need for new rules and disciplines concerning：

期望減少國際貿易中的扭曲和阻礙因素，并考慮到需要加強對知識產權實行有效和充分的保護，并確保實施知識產權的措施和程序本身不會成為合法貿易的障礙；

認識到為此目的，有必要制訂有關下列問題的新的規則和紀律：

 

(a) the applicability of the basic principles of GATT 1994 and of relevant international intellectual property agreements or conventions；

1994年關貿總協定的基本原則以及有關國際知識產權協定或公約的適用性；

 

(b) the provision of adequate standards and principles concerning the availability，scope and use of trade-related intellectual property rights；

就與貿易有關的知識產權的效力、范圍和使用，規定適當的標準和規則；

 

(c) the provision of effective and appropriate means for the enforcement of trade-related intellectual property rights，taking into account differences in national legal systems；  

就與貿易有關的知識產權的實施規定有效的和適當的方法，同時考慮各國法律制度的差異，；

 

(d) the provision of effective and expeditious procedures for the multilateral prevention and settlement of disputes between governments；and

在多邊一級防止和解決政府間爭端規定有效和迅速的程序；

 

(e) transitional arrangements aiming at the fullest participation in the results of the negotiations；

旨在最充分地參與談判結果的過渡安排。

 

Recognizing the need for a multilateral framework of principles，rules and disciplines dealing with international trade in counterfeit goods；

Recognizing that intellectual property rights are private rights；

Recognizing the underlying public policy objectives of national systems for the protection of intellectual property, including developmental and technological objectives；

Recognizing also the special needs of the least-developed country Members in respect of maximum flexibility in the domestic implementation of laws and regulations in order to enable them to create a sound and viable technological base；

Desiring to establish a mutually supportive relationship between the WTO and the World Intellectual Property Organization (referred to in this Agreement as “WIPO”) as well as other relevant international organizations；

Hereby agree as follows：

認識到需要一個包含原則、規則和紀律的多邊框架，以處理冒牌貨的國際貿易問題；

認識到知識產權是私有權利；

認識到各國知識產權保護體系最基本的公共政策目標，包括發展目標和技術目標；

還認識到最不發達國家成員在國內實施法律和法規方面特別需要最大靈活性，以便它們能夠創造一個良好的和有生命力的技術基礎；

強調通過多邊程序達成強有力的承諾，以解決與貿易有關的知識產權爭議從而減少摩擦的重要性；

期望在世界貿易組織和世界知識產權組織(本協議中簡稱為“WIPO”)以及其他有關的國際組織之間建立一種相互支持的關系；特此協議如下：

Part I  General Provisions and Basic Principles第一部分  總則和基本原則

Article 1  Nature and Scope of Obligations 第1條  義務的性質和范圍

 

1.Members shall give effect to the provisions of this Agreement. Members may，but shall not be obliged to, implement in their law more extensive protection than is required by this Agreement，provided that such protection does not contravene the provisions of this Agreement. Members shall be free to determine the appropriate method of implementing the provisions of this Agreement within their own legal system and practice.

各成員應使本協定的各項規定生效。各成員可以，但不應有義務，在其法律中實施比本協定要求更廣泛的保護，只要這種保護不違反本協定的規定。各成員有權在它們自己的法律制度和實踐中確定實施本協定規定的適當方法。

 

2.For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “intellectual property”refers to all categories of intellectual property that are the subject of Sections 1 through 7 of Part II.

就本協定而言,“知識產權”一詞系指第二部分第一節至第七節主題的所有類別的知識產權。

 

3.Members shall accord the treatment provided for in this Agreement to the nationals of other Members.1 (1) In respect of the relevant intellectual property right，the nationals of other Members shall be understood as those natural or legal persons that would meet the criteria for eligibility for protection provided for in the Paris Convention (1967)，the Berne Convention (1971)，the Rome Convention and the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits，were all Members of the WTO members of those conventions. 2(2) Any Member availing itself of the possibilities provided in paragraph 3 of Article 5 or paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the Rome Convention shall make a notification as                                         foreseen in those provisions to the Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (the “Council for TRIPS”).

各成員應給予其他成員的國民以本協定規定的待遇。1就有關的知識產權而言，其他成員的國民應理解為符合《巴黎公約》(1967)、《伯爾尼公約》(1971)、《羅馬公約》和《關于集成電路的知識產權條約》規定的保護資格標準的自然人或法人，如若世界貿易組織的所有成員均為那些公約的成員。2任何利用《羅馬條約》第5條第3款和第6條第2款規定的可能性成員，均應按那些條款中所預想的那樣，通知與貿易有關的知識產權理事會(“TRIPS理事會”)。

 

Article 2  Intellectual Property Conventions第2條  知識產權公約

1.In respect of Parts II, III and IV of this Agreement, Members shall comply with Articles 1 through 12，and Article 19，of the Paris Convention (1967).

就本協定的第二、第三和第四部分而言，各成員應遵守《巴黎公約》(1967)第1至12條和第19條。

 

2.Nothing in Parts I to IV of this Agreement shall derogate from existing obligations that Members may have to each other under the Paris Convention，the Berne Convention，the Rome Convention and the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits.

本協定第一至第四部分的任何規定不應背離各成員可能在《巴黎公約》、《伯爾尼公約》《羅馬公約》和《關于集成電路的知識產權條約》項下所相互承擔的現有義務。

 

Article 3  National Treatment第3條  國民待遇

1.Each Member shall accord to the nationals of other Members treatment no less favorable than that it accords to its own nationals with regard to the protection3 of intellectual property，subject to the exceptions already provided in，respectively，the Paris Convention (1967)，the Berne Convention (1971)，the Rome Convention or the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits. In respect of performers，producers of phonograms and broadcasting organizations，this obligation only applies in respect of the rights provided under this Agreement. Any Member availing itself of the possibilities provided in Article 6 of the Berne Convention (1971) or paragraph 1(b) of Article 16 of the Rome Convention shall make a notification as foreseen in those provisions to the Council for TRIPS.

在知識產權保護3方面，每個成員給其他成員國民的待遇不應低于它給予本國國民的待遇，除非《巴黎公約》(1967)、《伯爾尼公約》(1971)、《羅馬公約》或《關于集成電路的知識產權條約》中已分別有規定的例外情況。對表演者、錄音制批制作者和廣播組織，該項義務僅適用于本協定規定的權利。任何成員如利用《伯爾尼公約》第6條或《羅馬公約》第16條第l款(b)項所規定的權利，均應按那些條款所預想的那樣，通知TRIPS理事會。

 

2.Members may avail themselves of the exceptions permitted under paragraph 1 in relation to judicial and administrative procedures, including the designation of an address for service or the appointment of an agent within the jurisdiction of a Member，only where such exceptions are necessary to secure compliance with laws and regulations which are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement and where such practices are not applied in a manner which would constitute a disguised restriction on trade.

各成員可利用第1款所允許的司法和行政程序方面的例外，包括在一成員管轄范圍內指定送達地址或任命代理人，但這些例外是為確保遵守不與本協定規定抵觸的法律和規章所需，且實施這種做法不對貿易構成變相限制。

 

Article 4  Most-Favored-Nation Treatment第4條  最惠國待遇

With regard to the protection of intellectual property，any advantage，favor，privilege or immunity granted by a Member to the nationals of any other country shall be accorded immediately and unconditionally to the nationals of all other Members. Exempted from this obligation are any advantage，favor，privilege or immunity accorded by a Member：

在知識產權保護方面，一成員給予任何其他成員國民的任何好處、優惠、特權或豁免，應立即無條件地給予所有其他成員的國民。一成員給予的下述好處、優惠、特權或豁免，可免除此義務：

(a) deriving from international agreements on judicial assistance or law enforcement of a general nature and not particularly confined to the protection of intellectual property；

由關于司法協助或一般性質的法律實施的國際協定派生，而不特別限于知識產權保護方面的

 

(b) granted in accordance with the provisions of the Berne Convention (1971) or the Rome Convention authorizing that the treatment accorded be a function not of national treatment but of the treatment accorded in another country；

根據《伯爾尼公約》(1971)或《羅馬公約》規定給予的，它們授權所給予的待遇不是國民待遇性質而是另一國中給予的待遇；

 

(c) in respect of the rights of performers, producers of phonograms and broadcasting organizations not provided under this Agreement；

本協定項下未作規定的有關表演者、錄音制品制作者以及廣播組織的權利；

 

 (d) deriving from international agreements related to the protection of intellectual property

which entered into force prior to the entry into force of the WTO Agreement，provided that such agreements are notified to the Council for TRIPS and do not constitute an arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination against nationals of other Members.

由《WTO的協議》生效前已生效的有關知識產權保護的國際協定派生的，只要這些協定已通知RIPS理事會，并對其他成員的國民不造成武斷或不公正的歧視。

 

Article 5  Multilateral Agreements on Acquisition or Maintenance of Protection

第5條  關于取得或維護保護的多邊協定

 

The obligations under Articles 3 and 4 do not apply to procedures provided in multilateral agreements concluded under the auspices of WIPO relating to the acquisition or maintenance of intellectual property rights.

第3條和第4條的義務不適用于在WIPO主持下達成的有關取得或維護知識產權的多邊協定中規定的程序。

 

Article 6  Exhaustion第6條  權利用盡

For the purposes of dispute settlement under this Agreement, subject to the provisions of Articles 3 and 4 nothing in this Agreement shall be used to address the issue of the exhaustion of intellectual property rights.

就本協定下的爭端解決而言，在遵守第3和第4條規定的前提下，本協定中的任何條款不得用于處理知識產權的權利用盡問題。

 

Article 7  Objectives第7條  目標

The protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights should contribute to the promotion of technological innovation and to the transfer and dissemination of technology，to the mutual advantage of producers and users of technological knowledge and in a manner conducive to social and economic welfare，and to a balance of rights and obligations.

知識產權的保護和實施應有助于促進技術革新和技術轉讓與傳播，有助于技術知識的創造者和使用者互相受益，并有助于社會和經濟福利及權利和義務的平衡。

 

Article 8  Principles第8條  原則

1.Members may，in formulating or amending their laws and regulations, adopt measures necessary to protect public health and nutrition，and to promote the public interest in sectors of vital importance to their socio-economic and technological development， provided that such measures are consistent with the provisions of this Agreement.

在制訂或修改其法律和規章時，各成員可采取必要措施來保護公共健康和營養，促進對其社會經濟和技術發展至關重要部門的公共利益，只要這些措施符合本協定的規定。

 

2.Appropriate measures, provided that they are consistent with the provisions of this Agreement，may be needed to prevent the abuse of intellectual property rights by right holders or the resort to practices which unreasonably restrain trade or adversely affect the international transfer of technology.

只要符合本協定的規定，必要時可以采取適當措施來防止知識產權持有人濫用知識產權，或采取不正當地限制貿易或對國際技術轉讓造成不利影響的做法。

 

PART II  Standards concerning the availability, scope and use of Intellectual Property Rights

第二部分  關于知識產權的效力、范圍和使用的標準

 

SECTION 1:  COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS  第1節：版權和相關權利

Article 9  Relation to the Berne Convention 第9條  與《伯爾尼公約》的關系

1.Members shall comply with Articles 1 through 21 of the Berne Convention (1971) and the Appendix thereto. However，Members shall not have rights or obligations under this Agreement in respect of the rights conferred under Article 6bis of that Convention or of the rights derived therefrom.

各成員應遵守《伯爾尼公約》(1971)第1至21條及其附錄的規定。然而，各成員對公約第6條之二所給予或派生的權利在本協定下不具有權利和義務。

 

2.Copyright protection shall extend to expressions and not to ideas, procedures，methods of operation or mathematical concepts as such.

版權的保護應該延伸至表述方式，但不延伸至思想、程序、操作方法或數學概念本身。

 

Article 10  Computer Programs and Compilations of Data第10條  計算機程序和數據匯編

1.Computer programs，whether in source or object code，shall be protected as literary works under the Berne Convention (1971).

計算機程序，無論是源代碼還是目標代碼，應作為《伯爾尼公約》(1971)項下的文字作品加以保護。

 

2.Compilations of data or other material，whether in machine readable or other form， which by reason of the selection or arrangement of their contents constitute intellectual creations shall be protected as such. Such protection，which shall not extend to the data or material itself，shall be without prejudice to any copyright subsisting in the data or material itself.

數據匯編或其他資料，無論是以機器可讀形式還是其他形式，只要通過對其內容的選取或安排而構成智力創造，就應作為智力創造加以保護。該保護不應延伸至數據或資料本身，并不應損害存在于數據或資料本身的任何版權。

 

Article 11  Rental Rights第11條  出租權

In respect of at least computer programs and cinematographic works，a Member shall provide authors and their successors in title the right to authorize or to prohibit the commercial rental to the public of originals or copies of their copyright works. A Member shall be excepted from this obligation in respect of cinematographic works unless such rental has led to widespread copying of such works which is materially impairing the exclusive right of reproduction conferred in that Member on authors and their successors in title. In respect of computer programs, this obligation does not apply to rentals where the program itself is not the essential object of the rental.

至少在計算機程序和電影作品方面，一成員應給予作者及其合法繼承人許可或禁止向公眾商業性出租其享有版權之作品的原件或復制品的權利。一成員對電影作品可不承擔此義務，除非這種出租已導致該作品廣泛復制，從而實質性地減損該成員給予作者及其合法繼承人的專有復制權。在計算機程序方面，如該程序本身不是出租的主要標的，則此義務不適用于出租。

 

Article 12  Term of Protection第12條  保護期限

Whenever the term of protection of a work, other than a photographic work or a work of applied art，is calculated on a basis other than the life of a natural person，such term shall be no less than 50 years from the end of the calendar year of authorized publication，or， failing such authorized publication within 50 years from the making of the work，50 years from the end of the calendar year of making.

除攝影作品或實用藝術作品外，如若一作品的保護期限不以自然人的壽命為基礎計算，則該期限自作品準予出版的日歷年年底起不得少于50年，或者如若作品在創作后50年內未經授權出版，則自創作的日歷年年底的50年。